source:  flicker user John Burke

This shows Blackpool in the Development stages where the number of tourists is growing rapidly and the first things are being built.

 flicker user John Burke

This is showing the Consolidation stages because more tourists can be seen and the increasing number of people outside for the night life is also increasing. However there could be a problem with rowdiness due to tourists.

 flicker user John Burke

This is showing a fire after an event and this would be classed in the stagnation area and would have to be changed because visitirs will not want to come to Blackpool as it is unsightly. This would make business die a bit.

 Flicker user John Burke

This is the devopment stage of Blackpool and it shows the first 3d cinema being shown and this would have been a big thing. Jobs will be increasing dramatically. This was taken in 1981.

 flicker user John Burke

This was the scene after a flood and then this would have stopped people from wanting to come to blackpool and this would need lots and lots of money to get it back to the way it was. This would wreck the look. This was 15ft above the car park.

Islands sinking as the sea level are rising. Travelling to different countries to see how sea level change is different. Volcanic sand. Carteret islands going to meet. No need for coats, sleeping bags and coats.  The sea is bringing down all the trees, coconut.

Island is getting smaller and smaller due to climate change, losing everything that they have in their village. Sea level rising and getting rid of houses. Excited to see boats, to get away.

Tiny houses made of leaves in the clearings of the trees.

Relocating lots of people due to the sea rises and then just like people in sea level rising in Australia.

Making their own hoses and realising the value of life. Sticking together dry palm leaves, clearing up the dry leaves.

Everything is changing and all the places are going into the sea. The people are still happy and feeling good. They don’t seem to he be unhappy.

The construction of off-shore break-waters and rock groynes and carried out beach replenishment works at Sidmouth to provide protection to the sea wall and to reduce the risk of the town being flooded by the sea. 

East Devon enjoys a coastline of some 40km. The Council owns substantial lengths of cliffs and beaches along this coast as well as structures such as sea walls, break waters, groynes, outfalls, slip ways and piers.

Re-curved wall- concrete wall which is curved on the underside to deflect the power of the waves- these can be very expensive (up to £1-2million per km) abd the deflected waves can scour material at the base of the wall causing them to become undermined- these are however a very effective means of preventing erosion and they reflect rather than absorb wave energy.

Groynes- these structures are designed to stop the longshore drift and therefore act to build up and anchor beach material, protecting the base of cliffs- they are effective at reducing erosion in the area they are constructed in by causing significant build up of beach material.

Mass Movement

 Mass movement iswhen the rocks fall. The main reason why this happens is because of alot of water being saturated into the rocks, which is making them weaker. And causing Mass Movement to happen.

Slump, Slide, Creep, fall, flow are the ways in which rocks can fall and they all have a unique way of working.

Weathering

The process of weathering is the breakdown of rock in situ. There are 3  weathering processes, Chemical weathering, Biological weathering, and Physical Weathering. However in the picture that we see in Charnmouth is soft rock so then due to the rain the cliff has become saturdated by it and it has formed a slump. This is chemical weathering due to the partially acid rain that has fallen. Not many animals can cause a cliff to do this. Soft and hard rocks working in different ways.

Erosion

There are basically only 4 types of erosion that you need to know. Hydrolic action, this is the waves smashing up against the side of the rock and taking out chunks of it and making it much smaller than when it first started. Attrition, rocks being carried by the river and smash together and break into smaller parts. Over time, they become smaller and eventually reduced to fine particles called silt.  Abrasion- stones that the river is carrying bump into the banks and wear them away. Solution - acids in the water slowly dissolve the river banks and the stones that the river is carrying (especially limestone). In this picture the rock has been warn away by the solution of the rocks and it has all finally slumped down into a slump.

Explain why a named settlement you have studied can be considered sustainable.

In Bedzed they discourage people to use cars and encourage bikes and walking to and around the area. There are not many car parking places so less people can come down and stay at Bedzed, this is making less and less pollution.  Also the houses collect the water that falls and is then reused for the house in one way or another. i.e., drinks, showers, which is making this a very sustainable place to live. The houses are also extremely energy efficient and they are faced towards the south to take advantage of solar gain, by large windows. The people who live in Bedzed also use cars less, which caused them to have 65% less mileage than the rest of the UK's average. These people are living a much healthier life. They also have their houses made out of woodchip which is very economical for the area.

Who are they?

The Zabaleen are an Egyptian community of mainly Coptic Christians – vital to Cairo’s refuse collection.

Where do they live?

The Zabbaleen live in an area known locally as Garbage city. The Zabbaleen in Cairo (an estimated 60,000 - 70,000 in number) are mostly descendants of poor farmers from Upper Egypt who settled in the city in the 1950s

How do they make a living from picking up all the rubbish?

They pick up materials, such as steel, glass and plastic bottles, are sorted by hand and sold as raw materials. Other items are repaired or reused. Some material is burnt as fuel. The zabbaleen collect between a third and a half of the 6,500 tonnes of the solid waste that Cairo produces every day.

what problems do they face?

What is it?

It is an ambitious, innovative program providing for the urbanization of Rio de Janeiro’s medium-sized slums and make them more suitable to live in for people.

Give some examples of infrastructure improvements.

In 2007, President Lula introduced a four-year investment plan, which includes the promotion of Urban Development for the favelas and the people living in them.

There have been public policies aimed at the favelas from local governments. In Rio de Janeiro, program such as the favela bairrio and have attempted to mitigate the problem. They were also rid of drug dealers and received investment in public help.

Give some examples of community projects.

They attempted to provide favelas with access to services and infrastructure similar to those available in the rest of the city. Relocating families to other places to make way for wider roads or removing homes from high risk areas. Opening streets and cleaning parks, playgrounds so the rest of the country has the good facilities that the rest of the place has. Making places safer to live in.

Why has the scheme been successful?

Favela started to work together as a team and get things done. In the late 1980's.They knitted people in the new houses to get on with all the other people there.

1). Congestion charge- this means that if people drive through this area then they will have to pay money. So people will not go that way and there will be less traffic on the roads.

2). Low emission zone- http://www.tfl.gov.uk/roadusers/lez/

3). Park and glide. meaning to get people to come into the town in the car and then get a boat into the centre of the city or town so less cars are going in.

4). Also Park and Ride, which basically is the same thing, however including people parking and then getting the bus into the town or city.

5). Bridges- so that people can get out of the cities without getting into a hastle of getting into traffic jams in the centre of the town.

Exeter Situated-

Urban Redevelopment

As the population in England and other countries increases there is a strong tug on the housing market. This is what’s called urban development. As the population is growing, so too is the need for houses in these places. Therefore cities expand into other areas such as; forests, swamps and deserts. New York, for example will not have very much development because the land is mostly developed, however in Egypt there will be vast undeveloped desert areas being changed into modern cities.

Council redevelopment (reasons why)

The council decided to redevelop Princesshay because they felt in danger of losing the real beauty of Exeter. Having to compete with big centres such as Cribs causeway so they wanted people to come back to Exeter even if it did have some problems during the war time. They also turned down the idea of repairing/ restoring the damaged buildings, so they decided to demolish it all. The council thought that it would be better if they start from scratch. The council wanted more and more people than ever before to come to Exeter so they built new shops, cafes etc. The public were also concerned about losing the cities character.

 Objections by local people on Princesshay Redevelopment (4)

A new 600 space car park - but this will never be sufficient to deal with the enormous increase in traffic generated by the development.

Barnfield Road will experience a 500% increase in traffic, Western Way a 80% increase and there will be 15% more traffic in Heavitree Road

About 300,000 tonnes of rubble having to be removed through Southernhay. This works out at about 25 lorry journeys every day just for the demolition.

Deffinitions

I think that Princesshay is a good example of sustainable development. It is good and healthy for everone and it is an approach to meeting our present needs without compromising the needs of future inhabitants of the earth. I personally think that Princesshay is a good part of sustainable development because it. Princesshay is also very good with polution. my point being that it does not have too much pollution being let out durning the long days in Exeter. However there is a high rise in crime and in Exeter there is alot of poorer areas in parts of the city.